Quality Management systems

Quality Management systems Introduction According to Larry English, the principles and strategies for information quality management have been in existence for decades. Any quality management process begins and ends with the consumers. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Management systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It starts with understanding consumers’ needs for the product, initiating quality parameters to attain them and culminates with assessing whether consumers’ requirements are attained (English, 2004). I will discuss how quality management systems are used to improve the quality of a product/service and satisfy customer needs. I will evaluate how the Toyota Motor Corporation has employed quality management systems to improve the quality of their Corolla products. I will also talk about how the Australian Airline use its modern mobile messaging system to provide quality services to passengers at affordable pr ices. Quality management system used by Toyota Motor Corporation The Toyota Motor Corporation is the biggest car producer in Japan. It has been the largest automobile producer in the world since 2004 (Leney, 2004). Since 1999, Toyota has made aggressive marketing campaigns to encroach into the European Market (Bodevin 2010). The company hired European designers to develop cars that matched the needs customers from Europe (Vries 2001). Toyota also aimed to expand its production capacity in Europe. For example, it launched two new manufacturing plants in 2004: the Polish plant for manufacturing manual transmissions for Avensis, Corolla and Yaris; and the Valenciennes plant in France for producing Yaris. In 2002, the company set up Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey, to produce Corolla sedans for export purposes (Prebil 2010). Toyota Corolla has many competitive advantages when compared to other automobile competitors. For example, the 1998 Corolla model offered superior power with adm irable economy, a comfy interior and reliability. The current model is evolutionary, fixing shortfalls without reducing Corolla’s strengths. For instance, it is now easier to handle Corolla S than the previous Corolla LE model because it offers a well-cushioned ride. The poor air condition system has been enhanced especially in the 2004 models compared to the 2003 generations. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The interior space has been enlarged to accommodate five passengers comfortably. In addition, the current model has a superior acceleration with an automatic transmission. The gas mileage is also very efficient (about 38 for highway and 29 when driving in the city). Even the small irritations seen in previous Corolla have been rectified. For instance, the fragile-feeling door handles have been swapped with pull and it opens handles to enable people wi th gloves or bigger hands open the door easily. Moreover, the exterior of the Corolla S model has been upgraded with a European-bulbous appearance. The back has smart tail-lights with assimilated amber turn indicators for safety (Zatz, 2008) The S model has a superior rpm range when compared to other competitors. The model has an efficiently-designed pedal-to-fuel curve that makes Corolla stronger even in city traffic. In addition, the engine is not extremely noisy under hard acceleration. Generally, the S model is easier to handle than other cars. Majority of drivers will discover that Corolla S will swiftly attend to their needs. The S model feels lively and fast even if the tires appear to complain under stress (Zatz, 2008). Quality management system in Australian airline Quality management system is a combination of work ethics and practices for enhancing passenger safety and upgrading boarding services in aviation industry (Smith, 2002). For example, Australian airline has upg raded its mobile messaging system to provide quality services at affordable prices (Mulholland, 2005). The airline has launched an SMS-based boarding pass and also installed novel self-service check-in reception desks at airports to provide customers with an efficient and swift check-in services. Under this new system, all passengers receive their flight pass via email or text messages. For those passengers who do not have check-in luggage, they immediately board the plane using the pass sent to them through email or SMS. Passengers are also allowed to select their preferred seats at the check-in reception desk. The entire process takes about 13 seconds for each passenger, compared to the previous process which took over 60 seconds (Milojkovic, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Management systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The major aspect of this messaging system is the novel scanning technology that scrutinizes the text message conveyed to a passenger’s cell phone via the boarding code SMS platform. The new mobile messaging system is able to analyze a message transmitted to any type of cell phone, including smartphones. This represents a major technological advancement that has enabled Australian airline to issue boarding passes for all passengers. As a result, the airline recorded over 9% increase in the volume of passengers who used this service (Smith, 2002). It is worth to note that both Toyota Motor Corporation and Australian airline have integrated quality management systems in their operations to improve the quality of their products and services respectively. These efforts mirror David Garvin’s eight dimensions of quality which he observes that consumers have diverse opinions on quality compared to that of a producer. Garvin defines quality in relation to costs and prices. He states that a quality product (service) is one that offers performance, r eliability and serviceability at an affordable price (Das 2007). As noted above, safety management systems play crucial role in any airline operations. Experience has revealed that quality management systems enhance productivity of any organization. Given the current economic status and stiff competition in the global market, it is paramount that top-level management and employees play active roles in implementing quality management systems to provide superior products/services to meet customer needs. Reference Bodevin, L 2010, ‘While Detroit Slept: Toyota Invaded the American Car Market’, mcafee.cc/Classes/BEM106/Papers/UTexas/351/Toyota.pdf Das, S 2007, ‘Quest for Quality: Thoughts, Ideas, Concepts, Views on Quality and Process Improvement in the Information technology’, http://processandqualityimprovement.blogspot.com/2007/08/david-garvin.htmlAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More English, L 2004, putting Quality Process in Place to Exploit Technology. DataFlux Corporation, Cary, NC. Leney, A 2004, ‘Vehicle Recycling on South Tawara’, sprep.org/att/IRC/eCOPIES/countries/kiribati/99.pdf Milojkovic, D 2011, ‘Australian airline introduces SMS boarding passes’, routomessaging.com/Blog/Entry/106-australian-airline- introduces-smsboarding-passes.pmx Mulholland, K 2005, ‘Aerospace Standard’, Http://www.sae.org Prebil, S 2010, ‘The international expansion of a company into a foreign market’, iei.liu.se/fek/723g10/upload-presentation-for assignment3/1.226756/723G10_IB_Assignment_03_Task_02_Group_01_Pape pdf Smith, M 2002, ‘Safety Management Systems: What’s in it for you’, casa.gov.au Vries, W 2001, ‘Performance, quality, Management’, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/statorg/Workshops/KualaLumpur/01_Perfom nce_Indicators_Paper.PDF Zatz, D 2008, ‘Introduction: 2004 Toyota Corol la Reviews’, corolland.com/corolla/review-2004.html Quality Management Systems Introduction As consumers become increasingly sophisticated, more knowledgeable and their needs grow, the sure method that any company can thrive under these circumstances is by providing a dedication to quality. The Quality Management Systems stipulated in the various standards gives the management framework that enables a company to institute necessary control measures to tackle risks, evaluate, and assess progress of the company.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Management Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The quality standards are also essential in improving the image and reputation hence permits the company to search for new developments through external and internal contacts. Quality Management Systems are applicable in any organization that aspires to enhance its operations and management, in spite of its size or sector. Nevertheless, the most benefits on investment are from those organizations that have practiced it all through their structures rather than at only specific sites or hierarchy level. This paper discusses the process, monitoring, and evaluation of the quality management systems. ISO 9001:2000 The ISO 9001:2000 is a well-grounded international standard for quality control that cuts across all organizations. It is the most predominantly used quality system in improving the various aspects of an organization (British Standards Institution, 2009, para.8). The standard has evolved from theoretical aspects from the time of its creation to emphasize on practical and process-oriented approach as a basis for quality control. Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fig 1: Process model of ISO 9001:2000 (Kaufmann Bieschke, 2009). The underlying quality management principles that are the basis of ISO 9001:2000 are â€Å"â€Å"customer focus, leadership, i nvolvement of the people, process approach, system approach to management, continual improvement, factual approach to decision making, and maintaining beneficial supplier relationships† (International Organization for Standardization, 2009). Figure 2: The eight quality management systems of an organization To achieve quality goals and satisfy the needs of the customers, an organization must recognize and illustrate processes that are efficient, accessible and properly understood, evaluate the progress of these processes, and identify and apply developments to these processes. The Quality Management System (QMS) is the emphasis of clause 4.0 ISO 9001: 2000 standard. The goal of this clause is to make sure that the organization recognizes and manages all the processes that are necessary in realizing uniformity and consumer contentment. The organization must come to terms with processes together with the association that exists amongst the various processes. It is necessary to e stablish these processes and apply them to contain the whole QMS. This quality standard also encourages organizations to control and periodically enhance their processes. Sub-clause 4.2 is considering the role of documentation of QMS. The QMS comprises of quality policy, quality objectives, a quality manual and all supporting procedures.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Management Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The documented procedures envelop the areas of â€Å"document control, control of records, internal audits, control of non-conforming products, corrective actions and preventive actions.† Every organization ought to include all the processes, procedures, and documents they may require. Documentation is necessary since it is a means of changing tacit skills to explicit skills in order for individuals to share their various experiences and work efficiently. One of the merits of this qua lity system is that it stipulates the requirements that make an organization to evaluate itself. The assessment usually commences with internal audits undertaken once or twice a year and proceeds to yearly external audits undertaken by a reputable third party body. These set standards keeps the ISO 9001:2000 focused and up-to-date, repelling the perception that an organization accredited with this quality standard seeks a mere show of paperwork and compromise. The ISO 9001:2000 lays more emphasis on customer satisfaction as a vital ingredient in the well-being of an organization. Since the goal of any organization is to meet the needs of the customers, they have no choice but to comprehend the varied needs of the customers and fulfill them. Customer focus involves the organization executing tasks to comprehend their needs and expectations. â€Å"Disciplined requirement elicitation, regular customer feedback, surveys and understanding market trends† are some of the methods of realizing this goal (Kishore, 2003, p.50). The organization goals relate to the customers and therefore it does not make sense when the organization does not focus on this as one of its strategic objectives. It is also necessary to stretch customer needs throughout the organization even to those sites and departments that are not directly linked to the customers requirements. If the internal departments come to terms with the varied customer needs and expectations and the necessity of meeting them, then the organization will ultimately flourish.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For the success of any organization, the various stakeholders must be involved adequately in the daily running of its activities. The ISO 9001:2000 asserts that individuals at all categories of the organization and their total participation allow them to be productive in the place of work (Global Quality Village, 2009). Individuals who feel part of the success of the organization often bring more commitment and energy to the organization. It assists when individuals comes to terms with their significance in the context of their organization. Investment in people yields to more efficiency in their productivity as they give suggestions on ways of enhancing the goods and services of the organization. Involved people also feel committed to realize the goals of the organization and strive in accomplishing the targets. The ways of making sure that individuals are involved must focus on realizing that individuals are a valuable resource to the organization and are liable to be esteemed. In volvement of people in making decisions and directions for an organization implies recognizing that they perform their duties faithfully and reliably. Performing their duties satisfies them; hence, they are always on toes to fulfill the goals of the organization. In order to accomplish effectively its vision, an organization must work together in harmony with the various stakeholders. This quality management principle identifies the role of leadership in endowing the organization with purpose and direction. Leadership is of essence since it involves creating a good working environment where all the individuals in an organization experience equal participation and perform tasks collaboratively to realize the targets of the organization Six Sigma Six Sigma is an elaborate and flexible quality system for achieving, sustaining and maximizing the success of an organization. This quality system is associated with a close focus on â€Å"the requirements of the customers, disciplined use o f facts, data, and statistical analysis, and diligent attention to managing, improving, and re-inventing business processes.† (Pande et al., 2000, p.xi). This business management strategy makes every effort to enhance the quality of process outputs by recognizing and eliminating sources of defects and lowering the inconsistency in production and organization processes. It employs a variety of quality management systems, such as statistical methods, and forms a unique resource of individuals in an organization, consisting of â€Å"Black Belts†, â€Å"Green Belts†, and others, who have advanced skills in its implementation. Every Six Sigma task undertaken in any organization is based on a well-illustrated series of steps with quantified objectives to be met. These objectives can be monetary (minimization of costs or maximization of profits) or anything that is significant to the end user of that process (cultural change, reducing cycle time, lack of danger, and oth ers). Fig 3: Achieving cultural change through Six Sigma (Kaufmann Bieschke, 2009). Some features make Six Sigma to correspond to the other quality management systems. Six Sigma doctrine affirms that constant endeavors to realize stable and achievable process outcomes, for example lowering process inconsistencies, are essential in realizing the triumph of any organization. The processes in successful running of any organization have characteristics that are able to be quantified, evaluated, enhanced, and monitored. It also asserts that the process of realizing long-term quality objectives needs dedication from all parts of the organization, especially from the people in the top-level leadership positions. On the other hand, some aspects of Six Sigma distinguish it from the other quality management systems. It emphasizes on a clear focus on realizing computable and scientific financial outcomes when undertaking any Six Sigma task. There is more weight added to the importance of goo d management leadership and incorporation of everyone in proper running of the organization. To ensure that the goals of the Six Sigma approach are met, a unique resource of people is categorized into various belts to steer its projects. Six Sigma asserts that assessments are to be made based on provable facts, as opposed to making guesses. Six Sigma plays a vital role in assisting organizations to achieve the highest value while utilizing minimum input of resources. It realizes this by rationalizing the management by applying scientific techniques to processes and products. When an organization adopts the Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach, processes or products are enhanced in that they are more effective and efficient, or both. On the hand, if no process or products are present within the organization, or if the current processes or products have extensively undergone deterioration, then design for Six Sigma (DFSS), also referred to as DMADV (De fine, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify),strategy is employed to come up with effective and efficient processes or products. When Six Sigma approach is adequately incorporated in an organization, it reduces the negative influence that politics have on the well-being of an organization, better service to owners and customers, and the working environment becomes conducive for workers. The making of decisions is grounded on reason and rationality, as opposed to a mere back-room politics (Pyzdek, 2003, p. xv). Six Sigma uses various tools to meet the various quality requirements. These includes dashboards which serves the purpose of monitoring the processes of the organization, operational definitions, and data displays to assist in coming up with justifiable data. Comparing it with ISO 9001:2000 illustrates the possibility of relating both quality systems with one another. The evaluation tools for Six Sigma are usually added after its adoption in the organization. ISO 9001:2000 plays th e role of evaluating the internal and external requirements of organizations. By incorporating the Six Sigma approach to the ISO 9001:2000, an organization is able to establish Six Sigma as a component of its quality management system and therefore tremendously enhance the success of the Six Sigma program. ISO 14000 The ISO 14000 is a quality standard for environmental management systems that is relevant to any organization, despite of its market share, geographical location or status. Environmental sustainability has been the focus of most organizations for a long time now. The objective of the standard is to lower the environmental footprint of an organization and to reduce the level of contamination that an organization generates. Years of misuse and degradation has strained the environment to the point that continued toleration of this practice may leave nothing for the future generations to enjoy. In structure, it is parallel to ISO 9000 quality management systems and all of th em are applicable together. The focus areas illustrated in ISO 14000 is into two different areas. The first appertains to the management and evaluation systems of an organization; the next, appertains to environmental tools for product evaluation. Figure 4: The division within the ISO 14000 generic family of standards (Cascio, Woodside Mitchell, 1996, p.32). The ISO 14001 focuses on setting up of one or more environmental programs that seeks to realize the objectives and targets set by the organization (Piper et al., 2003, p.21; Morris, 2004, p.15). Management analyzing the benefits realized by implementing these environmental programs occasionally evaluates the relevance and efficiency of Environmental Management System (EMS). That advancement is assessed by performance estimation subsystem that injects its outcome expressly into the analysis process of the management. An important aspect of the management analysis process is derived form the routine EMS audits that are aimed at ensuring the sustenance of EMS and its proper working. The establishment of EMS is such that it gives structural and systematic approach to overall environmental management. The definitions in Section 3 of ISO 14001 help users in realizing standard interpretation and application of its requirements. â€Å"Rather than being prescriptive, the definitions serve to set the tone for the underpinnings of the standard, and provide guidance for the key elements of the environmental management system† (Cascio, Woodside Mitchell, 1996, p.37). Conformance to the set standards of ISO 14001 is a pointer of an organization’s readiness to preserve the environment. Application of environmental management strategies in a programmed manner gives the chance for environmental protection and uniformity in realizing environmental sustainability. The ISO 14001 stipulates technological specifications for organizations. The standards are applicable in any type of organization. ISO 14001 motiv ates organizations to reflect on application of the best readily available technology where necessary and financially within their means. This standard advocates for prevention of environmental contamination when installing new products or systems. Protection of the environment involves the â€Å"use of processes, practices, materials, or products that avoid, reduce, or control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, and efficient use of resources† (Cascio, Woodside Mitchell, 1996, p.38). The advantages of adhering to this standard include lowering of the rate of environmental degradation, increased performance, and reduction of costs. The environmental performance indicators may include â€Å"adherence to environmental permit, reporting, and other regulatory requirements, adherence to administrative requirements such as labeling, adherence to training schedules, and impr ovement in environmental areas such as recycling, energy conservation, and pollution prevention strategies.† The five major elements contained in ISO 14001 are illustrated in the following figure. Figure 5: The five major elements of an EMS (Cascio, Woodside Mitchell,  1996, p.39). Conclusion Organizations ought to come up with products and services that are of quality to meet the requirements of the consumers. In order for the consumers and the organization to have no fear that the needs and expectations of the customers will be satisfied, means that the organization must use processes that are quality oriented. The organization’s leadership ought to come up with an appropriate quality policy. This policy will give the framework of the organization’s overall aspirations and direction that appertains to quality. This policy is therefore the foundation for establishing quality objectives for different tasks and levels in the organization. Evaluating its effici ency and maintaining its improvement is essential after implementing the QMS. The areas that the management of any organization ought to look at that influence quality are â€Å"management activities, resources, product realization, and measurement of the implementation progress. In the process of defining their QMS, an organization should identify a structure that is relevant to its status. For example, an upcoming organization with easy procedures may establish a small QMS and may decide to incorporate the whole of it in a single document. On the other hand, a large organization with intricate procedures may decide to establish one top level Quality manual that clearly is a component of more elaborate process definitions found in different manuals. Every department may possess its own manual or alternatively, each type of business may have its own manual. References British Standards Institution, 2009. ISO 9001 Quality. Web. Cascio, J., Woodside, G., Mitchell, P., 1996. ISO 1400 Guide: The New  International Environmental Management Standards. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Global Quality Village, 2009. Eight principles of Quality Management. Web. International Organization for Standardization, 2009. Quality management principles. Web. Kaufmann, U.H. Bieschke, A., 2009. Using the Power of ISO 9000 and Six Sigma  Together. Web. Kishore, 2003. ISO 9001: 2000 For Software Organizations. New Delhi: Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company Limited. Morris, A., 2004. ISO 14000 environmental management standards: engineering  and financial aspects. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons Ltd. Pande et al., 2000. The Six sigma way: how GE, Motorola, and other top companies are  honing. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Piper et al., 2003. Continual improvement with ISO 1400. Stockholm: SINF miljokvaliter AB. Pyzdek, T., 2003. The Six Sigma handbook: a complete guide for green belts, black  belts. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.

Computer Aided Manufacturing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer Aided Manufacturing - Essay Example The automation of machine tools using CAM can be used both in the production of small batches and large batches each of them offering its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The CAM Process The CAM process uses the same set of tools except that the computer applications have been linked to the manufacturing process to automate it fully. CAM is used extensively in NC, CNC machines. The NC system consists of the part program, MCU or machine unit and the tool. The machine control units have a number of degrees of freedom to facilitate better flexibility in construction. (Chris Voss, 1986) These include (i) Flexibility in tools used for locating purposes. Source: Singh N, 1996, CAM operations (ii) The different cutting speeds and the rate of feed of the product are also important contributions to the CAM (iii) The cooling pump also works in sync with the machining process and directs the cooling fluent very effectively to the work area. The control system in a NC (CAM) machine regul ates the actual work done during operations and by it effective system of feedback negates any error that might arise during the manufacturing operations. (Rao.P.N, 1998) This can be described using a simple diagram used below Singh N, 1996, Control system The diagram shows the spindle which holds the cutting tool. A number of stepper motors is located to provide motion in each direction. Reduction gears are in place to allow the motors to be driven at required speeds. A tacho-generator put in place also provides the rpm of the cutting tool. (Singh N, 1996) Using the optical encoder which has a high resolution of close to 3500/revolution it senses the location of the motors and generates a feedback regarding the amount of positive or negative error of the tool with respect to its position from the desired location. This feedback facilitates an output which adjusts the tool by the required amount thereby maintaining accuracy of the process. Apart from these, the other significant adv antages include (i) It offers a greater flexibility in design since minor changes can be incorporated in the design phase. (Singh N, 1996) (ii) The production is of a higher scale. (iii) Manufacturing Flexibility by re-routing product lines. (iv) The initial setup time or lead time is also greatly reduced. Advantages and Disadvantages of CAM in batch production 1. Production of small batches The advantages of using CAM in production of small batches is that (i) The amount of capital that needs to be invested initially is less. (ii) The manufacturer is given more time to work on the product and hence the software can be tinkered with to generate an optimum designed product. (Tanner J.P, 1991) Source: Rao.P.N, 1998, Yamazaki Mazak Corp having a 5-axis machining operation (iii) Meeting deadlines are relatively easy since the number of components manufactured is low in number. (iv) Although the initial investment for CAM is high, the production line can be stopped without any difficulty if the product is not working well in the market. The same CAM system can again be utilised to redesign the product. (Gardezi Syed et al, 2000) (v) Since a continuous line of products need not be generated, the production can be reduced during off season and picked up when there is demand or a custom made request for a particular product. (vi) It facilitates the incorporation of the Just in Time Technology (JIT) into the manufacturing process. This is a method that has

THREAT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

THREAT ANALYSIS - Essay Example Firstly, the process requires a source of the integral fissionable explosive that is in the right amounts and quality; also, it requires a terrorist with the knowledge of the science and technical works for execution. With a person, that has ample knowledge in the field, fabrication of the nuclear weapon is possible depending with the materials acquired and the target location of the terrorists. After the manufacturing, the complex and last parts involve successfully delivering the weapon to the target location and detonating the explosive. In these occasions, the terrorists need to be knowledgeable about the security policies in the target location and come up with plans of transporting the weapon without causing alarm. Without people that are conversant enough, the terrorist attacks fail due to complications such lack of communication and network blocks i.e.in the Iranian infiltration in 2012, the saboteurs did not succeed because the threat was identified early enough, and the aut horities had possible suspects . Definitely, the terrorists should be conservative and willing to risk or lose their lives like the common suicide bombers, in order for the attacks to succeed; furthermore, the people detonating the weapons should avoid accidents such as spontaneous ignition or early detonation. Today, there are only a limited number of terrorists groups with the capabilities of making successful nuclear weapon attacks. This is due to the lack of resources and advanced security in nuclear facilities. Al Qaeda and Al Shabab are today’s popular terrorist groups that have managed to conduct attacks in parts of the world with complex tactics. Al Qaeda is very resourceful as it divides into two groups based in Yemen and the core in Pakistan (Jonas &Swift 2008). Moreover, it has resourceful organizations and other terrorist groups like Al Shabab as its associates; typically, this

Changes in Faith and the Coming of Age Essay Example for Free

Changes in Faith and the Coming of Age Essay In â€Å"Bless Me Ultima† by Rudolfo Anaya, Ultima represents the benevolent guide for Toni, in â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel, God serves as Elie’s benevolent guide. Both of these guides serve to help Toni and Elie decide where they stand in terms of their faith and religion and come to age in the process. In â€Å"Bless Me Ultima† Toni starts out firmly believing in God as taught so vehemently by his own mother, Elie also starts out by having faith, even more so than Toni as is shown by his admiration, even adoration of Moshe the Beathe and when he says â€Å" Why did I pray?-Why did I live? Why did I breathe?†. Both Toni and Elie believe what they have been taught too believe but Elie believes even more whole-heartedly than Toni which is why his seperation from God is much more brutal and sudden than Toni’s own seperation. Both boys are on the brink of being thrown into turnmoil and hardships that their fragile minds, bodies and beliefs are not ready for. When Ultima first comes to live with Toni and his family, Toni is intimidated by her precense but quickly warms up to her and in the process begins to witness and experience a side of spiritualism he never knew existed. Elie’s faith does not change but rather begins to dissipate throughout the novel due to his experiences as does Toni’s faith in God.Ultima serves as Toni’s protector, guide, and nurturer as does the figure and belief in God for Elie. The death of Lupito plants the seed of doubt in God in Toni’s mind as does the death of the pipel in Elie’s mind. None of these events succeed in shattering their faiths but it suceeds in managing to make them question their faith. With Narcisso and Florence’s death comes the further loss of faith in God for Toni and the further witnessing of pain, death, and cruelty makes Elie alternate between belief and disbelief in his once precious God. Both Toni and Elie are let down by their own God’s silence. Toni says â€Å" There was nothing, only silence† when he is in the confessional waiting for a reply from God and Elie says â€Å"Why should I sanctify His name? The Almighty, the  eternal and terrible Master of the Universe chose to be silent, what was there to thank him for?† when everybody else is praying to God. The constant days and nights full of terror, fear, torture, and the desolation that came with the death of his father finally broke Elie and his faith in God if even for a moment. Elie says â€Å"Never shall I forget those moments that murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to ashes.† The same happens to Toni due to the deaths he has been witness to and especially the death of Ultima. In the book Toni says â€Å" Everything I believed in was destroyed. A painful, wrenching in my heart made me cry aloud, â€Å"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?†. The difference between Toni and Elie was that Toni’s benevolent guide who was Ultima gave him the ability to regain faith even if it was not towards God himself. Elie’s benevolent guide was God himself so when his faith was shattered he had no other place to direct his faith towards. At the end of the novel Toni manages to hold on to a form of faith prompted by others that could not have been managed without the influence of Ultima and Eli begins to regain faith in God himself even through his ordeals due to the unwavering faith he had in God in the beginning. Both characters learn that only through experiences and hardships can innocence be lost and maturity be gained as shown when Toni says â€Å"The tragic consequences of life can be overcome by strenght that resides in the human heart.†, and when Elie says â€Å" There are victories of the soul and spirit, sometimes even if you lose, you win.† Ultima and God, the symbolic benevolent spirits of both of these characters helped them decide what they believe in in the form of faith and come of age through this process.

Analysis of Salman Rushdies Midnights Children Essay -- History Nati

Analysis of Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie’s novel Midnight’s Children employs strategies which engage in an exploration of History, Nationalism and Hybridity. This essay will examine three passages from the novel which demonstrate these issues. Furthermore, it will explore why each passage is a good demonstration of these issues, how these issues apply to India in the novel, and how the novel critiques these concepts. The passage from pages 37-38 effectively demonstrates the concept of history, as it foregrounds elements important to this issue. Rushdie, challenges the conventional modes of history through his self reflective narrative structure. The passage is a good demonstration of its topic as it illustrates the problems of re-writing history. His mode of writing attempts to encourage the reader to reconsider the valid interpretation of his history. Saleem writes â€Å"please believe that I am falling apart† ,as he begins â€Å"to crack like an old jug†, illustrating a sense of fragmentation of his story. This parallels the narrative structure of the novel as being circular, discontinuous and digressive. This fragmentation appropriates the concept of history, which was developed by colonisers. History works for a particular class of ideology, and therefore it will be contaminated, oblique and subjective. The ‘fictionality’ of history is grounded in the simple assumption that life is shaped like a story. For Saleem, who is â€Å"buffeted by too much history†, it is his memory which creates his own history. â€Å"Memory, as well as fruit, is being saved from the corruption of the clocks†. This reflects back to concepts of time and place. Yet, for Rushdie, it is not based on the universal empty time that has been conceptualised by the colonisers. Notions of time and space are integrated into his own history. The novel critiques concepts of history by challenging traditional conventions. Rushdie uses unreliable events to subvert official notions of history. For example, in his description of the Amrister Massacre he describes the troops that fire on the crowd as being white, when they were not. He does this perhaps to illustrate how much history is based on interpretation and ideology. It also illustrates how fact (written down as history), fails to take into account different notions of space and time. For example, in the pas... ...s, his biological father is a departing colonist. The passage on page 211 clearly demonstrates Saleem’s hybrid identity. He relates hybridity to history by entailing the hetreogeneity of memory. â€Å"Memory’s truth because memory has its own special kind† . For Saleem, his memory provides a search for the truth, rather than many truths. Saleem links his hybrid history to ‘chutney’ which illustrates the sign of a mixed identity. â€Å"Green chutney on chilli-pakoras† , this imagery of chutney runs throughout the novel and assist Saleem’s story. He later, uses this image to sum up his hybridise culture, which parallels â€Å"the chutnification of history† and â€Å"pickling of time†. Rushdie comments on the colonised mimicking the coloniser. Two histories have emerged together, which is filled with contamination as mimicry becomes a problem as it disrupts the power. This reflects, what Rushdie calls like ‘chutney’, a mixture of history, and nationalism that become so dense and enmeshed that they transform to create a new culture. Rushdie effectively tackles issues of post-colonial studies of history, nationalism and hybridity, and Midnight’s Children illustrates and challenges these concepts.

Personality, Personality Development, Spheres, Public Relations

Define personality The free dictionary: the visible aspect of one's character as it impresses others: He has a pleasing personality. the sum total of the physical, mental, emotional, and social characteristics of an individual. the organized pattern of behavioral characteristics of the individual. the quality of being a person; existence as a self-conscious human being; personal identity. the essential character of a person. http://www. thepersonalitysystem. org: â€Å"Personality is the entire mental organization of a human being at any stage of his development.It embraces every phase of human character: intellect, temperament, skill, morality, and every attitude that has beeen built up in the course of one's life. † (Warren ; Carmichael, 1930, p. 333) (In an acknowledged overstatement†¦ ) â€Å"Personality is the essence of a human being. † (Hall ; Lindzey, 1957, p. 9, characterizing statements by Gordon Allport) â€Å"An individual's pattern of psychological pr ocesses arising from motives, feelings, thoughts, and other major areas of psychological function. Personality is expressed through its influences on the body, in conscious mental life, and through the individual's social behavior. (Mayer, 2005) 2. ) Define personality development http://www. education. com: Progressive organization of the psychological traits unique to an individual, occurring as the result of maturation and learning from birth through adulthood http://www. angelfire. com: Personality development is the developing a personality cult so as to create a strong positive impression about self with the targeted group, or in general; and more pertinent aspect of such personality is to maintain and prove in a long run. http://www. healthofchildren. com:Personality development is the development of the organized pattern of behaviors and attitudes that makes a person distinctive. Personality development occurs by the ongoing interaction of temperament, character, and environ ment. 3. ) components/spheres of personality Wikianswers: 1. Physical Aspect- Height, weight, size complexion. 2. Intellectual aspect-ability to analyze, synthesized or to give opinion 3. Emotional aspect- the right time,place 4. Social aspect-capability to go other people. meet other people without necessarily withdrawing. 5.Moral Aspect- Knowing right or wrong https://sites. google. com: 11. 2. 1 Identity Identity is experienced as being aware that one exists and that one has the right to live. The person accepts his limits and is prepared to exert his right to exist. He derives strength and courage from a basic feeling of security, from self-confidence and faith in others. He accepts responsibility for his behaviour. A patient with weakness in the sphere of identity feels insecure, â€Å"not O. K. â€Å"and avoids responsibilities. This often obstructs progress in therapy.Strengthening identity then has a high priority. 11. 2. 2 Intimacy Humans are social animals. One of the fi rst needs of an individual is to relate closely to one person in particular. This produces bonding between infant and mother. Later in life the intimacy of lovers and close friends develops, one learns to be close to others without losing one's own identity. Intimacy develops on the edge of fusion (identification with the other) and self-assertion. The antithesis: fusion versus autonomy is solved by â€Å"sharing†.A person who feels supported by a strong feeling of identity can reach out and become intimate with others thereby enriching their lives. The intimacy offered in return, is a reinforcement of one's own identity. If something in the sphere of intimacy is lacking, a patient may experience trouble in developing adequate social coping skills. In a therapist an unrequited need for intimacy may give rise to problems: the transfer of feelings by the patient to the therapist may cause confusion and elicit inadequate responses. 11. 2. Drives and emotions The art of living is making the right choices and decisions. This aspect of human behaviour is studied by motivation theory. It is an important domain for the communication pathologist: many disorders have their beginning in this sphere. 11. 2. 4 Relating socially In the process of self-actualisation this is the buffer-zone that people build around their identity and intimacy. Human drives and motivations are consummated in the social sphere: identity is fostered, intimacy has to be actualised in a social context.Interaction takes place with members of the family and other people in the environment, in an ever widening circle. Out of early experiences with socialisation a complex scene of transactions between people will grow, which E. Berne has aptly described as activities, pass-times and â€Å"games†. A fair number of games get people entangled in risky social habits of which they themselves are hardly aware. A life-scenario with unwholesome games may include some vicious speech- and voice ne uroses.Replacing the dominating games and changing the scenario, by role-playing and practising game-free relationships can bring about a profound change. It will bring the person closer to a true feeling of identity (instead of a fake one) and to genuine intimate relationships. 11. 2. 5 Creative energy and the power of will Men and women are often judged by the impression of power they display in carrying out their designs and resolutions, in demanding achievements from themselves and in dominating others or, on the other hand by submitting to others.Phantasy and creative power are important factors in people's lives, and so are ambition and perseverance to carry out one's design. 11. 2. 6 Cognition: perception, discrimination, evaluation In this sphere the person keeps his internal image of the environment and of his own functioning in this environment. Cognition has been collected from and pervades all previous levels: identity, intimacy, emotional self-preservation, relating to others, creativity and willpower, have their involuntary controls as well as a conscious representation.By rational thought the person tries to make sense of what is happening to him and to his environment. Rational though they may seem to be, thoughts may be subject to distortion: Misinterpretations and false expectations may occur as a consequence of exceptionally strong experiences dating far back in time. [pic] 4. ) define public relations http://www. businessdictionary. com: The profession or practice of creating and maintaining goodwill of an organization's various publics (customers, employees, investors, suppliers, etc. , usually through publicity and other nonpaid forms of communication. These efforts may also include support of arts, charitable causes, education, sporting events, and other civic engagements. http://www. prsa. org: â€Å"Public relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publi cs. † www. answers. com (Britannica): Aspect of communications that involves promoting a desirable image for a person or group seeking public attention.

Essay on My Sisters Keeper - 926 Words

Evelyn Rivas West Coast University 9 May 2013 My Sister’s Keeper Cloning is a controversial topic to where most people who argue about it, definitely do not agree with each other’s opinions. â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper† is a movie where one child, Anna, is conceived solely so her older sister Kate can fight leukemia. Once Anna reaches a certain age, she realizes what has been happening to her and refuses to go through with anything else by suing her mother. Throughout the movie, this situation tears the family apart and members of the family are heartbroken but it ultimately helps decide the outcome of what should happen (Cassavetes, 2009). In the movie â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper†, a girl named Kate is†¦show more content†¦Medical paternalism is when people believe they know what is best for others; as in when Kate’s mom believed what she was doing was right regardless of the opinions anyone else had. Her mom was not able to accept the fact that her daughter was dying and did not want to deal with it. Ethical terms that opposed Kate’s mom’s actions are nonmaleficence is doing harm to another while nonconsequential ethics is the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences of the action. Kate’s mom was causing nonmaleficence by putting Anna through all these unnecessary surgeries. During the time, Anna had no idea what was going on and had no say in the things she wanted. Kate’s mom thought that it was ok for her to conceive another child for the good of her first born. Kate’s mom would constantly have Anna as a back up to use in case something went wrong with Kate. Autonomy is when an individual makes his or her own decisions. In the movie, I believe Anna’s rights are most important compared to Kate’s or her moms. In my opinion I believe that Kate and Anna’s mom was completely wrong for what she had done and how she thought nothing was wrong with it. Anna’s life was only crea ted to help her sister survive. From the day Anna was born, tests and procedures began to help keep Kate alive. Anna was of course way too young to understand what was happening to her and why. When Anna reachedShow MoreRelatedTechnical Reading : My Sisters Keeper2807 Words   |  12 PagesTechnical reading: My Sisters Keeper A technical reading is where the film maker’s intentions are explained through the technical devices of a film. Nick Cassavetes (the director) was able to explain to us that even though Kate was sick she was happy. In one of the scenes where Kate is sitting outside cooped up in a blanket although she was looking pale and unhealthy she was giggling like she was 5 years old blowing bubbles into the sky. He proved his point to us through the way that he used a closeRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult979 Words   |  4 PagesMy Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult beautifully illustrates many different legal, ethical, and moral dilemmas that can accompany a possible terminal illness diagnosis within a family especially that of a young family. Ultimately the book causes you to re-examine any stance you may have had between that of what is legally and ethically right and what is morally right. Brian and Sara Fitzgerald have two small children who seem healthy and happy. Suddenly their daughter Kate falls sick, and after manyRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult1216 Words   |  5 PagesReading Response – Kaitlyn Baker My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult Sad novels have never really appealed to me. I’ve never been drawn by their sombre and depressing tone, often leaving me in a state of wondering, what now? This novel didn’t excite me at first. The storyline of ‘My Sister’s Keeper’ by Jodi Picoult, follows Anna Fitzgerald as she takes her parents to court so that she could be emancipated from medically supporting here leukaemia ridden sister, Kate. But as I read through, there wereRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult1424 Words   |  6 PagesReading is my life. I enjoy every book that I pick up. I have many favorite authors from all types of backgrounds and all types of genres. My five favorite books are as followed: A Thousand Splendid Suns, My Sister’s Keeper, My Sister’s Keeper, The Secret Life of Bees and Act Like a Lady Think Like a Man. Each novel plays an important role in my life, they helped me get through some tough times. The books that I read whi le I was in high school helped me to find courage, to find faith, to find myselfRead MoreMy Sisters Keeper2300 Words   |  10 PagesAn Ethical Discussion of My Sisters Keeper Trudy German Wayland Baptist University An Ethical Discussion of My Sisters Keeper Introduction and Thesis: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) to provide a genetically matched donor for an older sick child and to use the organs of the younger to the medical benefit of the elder is not morally justifiable using rule utilitarian ethical theory. This principle is not justifiable due to both the nature of the proposed rule regarding PGD and, primarilyRead MoreMy Sisters Keeper Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesan amazing story about a girl who was conceived to spend her life as a donator for her sister. She spends her whole life in hospitals trying to save her sister’s life. But is it all worth it? And does her sister even want her to do all this? In this book analysis I’ll tell you all about this beautiful story. C: 1: Anna, Sara Fitzgerald’s youngest daughter was created to donate bone marrow to her older sister Kate. They created a baby that could function as a suitable donor. This baby was Anna.Read MoreThe Book Thief And My Sister Keeper1875 Words   |  8 Pagesinevitable part of life. I have chosen to explore the theme how loss changes perspective. This theme is evident in the books The book thief by Markus Zusak, My sister keeper, by Jodi Picoult, The five people you meet in heaven, by Mitch Albom and The lovely bones, by Alice Sebold. The books The five people you meet in heaven by Mitch Albom and My sister keeper by Jodi Picoult, both potray the idea that death makes us question our purpose in life. This was shown in the book, The five people you meet in heavenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie My Sisters Keeper 1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie â€Å"My sisters keeper† is about 13 year-old Anna, who sues her parents for medical emancipation when she is expected to donate a kidney to her sister Kate, who has leukemia. This essay will focus on three events in Anna’s life, and discuss how each event in the characters life had an affect on her physical, psychosocial and cognitive development. The events that will be discussed are: how being brought into the world to save Kate affected Anna’s psychosocial development, how having to undergoRead MoreReaction to My Sisters Keeper Movie5317 Words   |  22 PagesMy Sisters Keeper by Jodi Picoult About the Book New York Times bestselling author Jodi Picoult is widely acclaimed for her keen insights into the hearts and minds of real people. Now she tells the emotionally riveting story of a family torn apart by conflicting needs and a passionate love that triumphs over human weakness. Anna is not sick, but she might as well be. By age thirteen, she has undergone countless surgeries, transfusions, and shots so that her older sister, Kate, can somehow fightRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Kate Fitzgerald1990 Words   |  8 PagesMy Sister’s Keeper follows the story of 13-year-old Anna Fitzgerald, who unexpectedly sues her parents for medical emancipation. Medical emancipation is granted to a minor, where they are no longer restricted to the wishes of their parents and may make their own decisions regarding medical treatment. Now, the reason Anna seeks medical emancipation is because her parents expect her to give up one of her kidneys for her older sister Kate. Kate Fitzgerald has had leu kemia since she was 2, and in the