Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States: 1492 – PRESENT First published in 1980, Zinn's book was revised and updated in 1995. The front cover describes the book as a "step toward a coherent new version of American history." The back cover calls the book an "antidote to establishment history." In twenty-three chapters (675 pages with index) and an Afterword, the author offers an alternative history of the United States, claiming to give voice to those whose stories are usually ignored. Instead of writing from the viewpoint of the powerful and elite, he turns to the exploited, even to the victims, of American history. The idea that US history is a story of progress, of national unity and of single-minded pursuit of the American dream, misrepresents what happened, he argues. Need essay sample on "Howard Zinns A Peoples History of the United States: 1492 PRESENT" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Instead of assuming that there really is a "United States" with a single "national interest," he describes history in terms of conflict between different interests. History is usually presented to make people believe the establishment version that glorifies the nation, its leaders, seeing a string of iconic events as almost always representing progress. Calling this the "memory of a state," he says that this history is not really "our history", since "nations are not communities and never have been" (p. 9). He does cover such iconic events as the Civil War (chapter 9) and Vietnam (chapter 18) but focuses on less well know episodes, telling the story from the bottom up, not top down. This made the book attractive and interesting. It is easy, even compelling to read. However, after finishing the book I was not convinced that such a history exists, at least as told unambiguously from an exclusively elite perspective. Zinn may have set up a straw man in order to knock him down. College Students Frequently Tell EssayLab specialists:How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment online?Specialists propose:Custom Essays - Easy And Quickly With Essaylab.ComBest Student Essay Writing Company Websites That Hire Writers College Essay Writing Service College Essay Writing Service In the process of reconstructing history from the under-side, Zinn covers a great deal of material, beginning with the arrival of Europeans in the Americas. He recounts crimes of genocide, territorial theft and conquest. The settlement of Europeans in the Americas was driven by a morally ambiguous drive," the "the need for space" and "land." In the process of settlement, Indians were dispossessed, cultures destroyed and annihilated (p. 22). Subsequent chapters continue to challenge the idea that the history of the US represents moral and human progress, in a more or less straight line. Chapters show how America's economic and military success rests on the shoulders of many exploited men and women, of blacks, slaves and migrant workers, of those who received little reward or recognition. To reconstruct history from the bottom, Zinn used journals, letters and articles in less well-known magazines as well as work by other historians. Yet the majority of his sources are what could be cal led mainstream, published by respected academic and university presses. Given that he uses a great deal of published material, the claim that his approach is "new" seems suspect. Much material was already available in the books he cites. Chapter 8, "We take nothing by conquest, thank God" is an example of how the book would have benefited from more explicit ideological commentary. Having stated that history always reflects ideology, that he intended to side with the underclass, not with those who want us to believe in a nation committed to the common interest, Zinn sometimes takes too much for granted. At the start of chapter 8, he refers in passing to the Louisiana Purchase that "doubled the territory of the United States" (p. 147). The title of the chapter presumably implies that the US's territorial expansion was qualitatively different from how other nations expanded, because the US purchased Louisiana, so blood was not shed. This, though, does not make sense, because Zinn has already chronicled how Indians were dispossessed, forced to move to new territory and how conflict after conflict took place between Indians and the US. How anyone could ever claim that the US expanded without bloodshed is beyond comprehens ion. Even if the government wanted people to believe that the US spread West peacefully, many people would know that this was not the case, since they were personally involved in bloody events. How could anyone be fooled by a bloodless version of the story? The chapter describes President James Polk's vision of the US stretching from coast to coast, how he maneuvered a confrontation with Mexico with the explicit purpose of gaining territory. Zinn cites enthusiastic support for this project. God was invoked, as was "destiny," "the destiny of the white race" to "march from ocean to ocean" (p. 153). No role here for black people or Indians, except as servants and slaves. Yet there were dissenting voices, voices raised in defense of Mexico and against war. Churches were mainly either "outspoken for the war" or kept silent, with some exceptions. Irish workers went on strike in New York, arguing that what was intended was to extend and perpetuate slavery in the West, which was contrary to the US ideal of "progress." Some Newspapers also protested. How, they asked, would the annexation of half of Mexico "give us more Liberty, a purer Morality, a more prosperous industry, than we have now?" (p. 157). These voices of protest appear to have been vocal at the time, even if they did not carry the day. Zinn did not have to dig too far to find voices on both sides of the debate. Chapter 11, "Robber Barons and Rebels" looks at the great American icons of entrepreneurship, industrial and commercial success. He says that while a few people went from rags to riches, most iconic figures did not start in poverty (p. 248). The Rockeffellers and the Carnegies, he says, rose to the top not only as a result of talent but also by exploiting others, by "choking out competition, maintaining high prices, keeping wages low" and "using government subsidies" (251). After telling the stories of some of the icons of industry, he turns to the unions and workers' associations that demanded better conditions and wages. Again, there is ample material available. Some of these barons are still remembered for their philanthropy, which Zinn does not discuss. Reference to how the National Guard was called out to suppress a strike and "six hundred miners were rounded up and imprisoned in bullpens" (p. 270) is shocking and does not sound like any type of progress, or sharing of the Ameri can dream. Yet does anyone really think that people become millionaires wearing kid gloves, paying everyone fairly and never ever hurting anyone? Is anyone deceived by a one-sided story of how the rich grew rich? Zinn speaks of the need to be "skeptical of governments and of their attempts, through politics and culture, to ensnare ordinary people in a giant web of nationhood pretending to a common interests" (p. 10). However, he does not explain how government controls the academy, which largely comprises private schools and scholars with no particular reverence for the establishment. On the other hand, many ordinary people probably did not think Indians had a right to their land, so did not see equate against them with violence against people. Many subscribed to racist ideas about white superiority. Perhaps they did accept the "government's" version, although it is not altogether clear that this idealistic, official history exists. People know that blacks, Indians and women fought for rights, and still do. Throughout US history, voices spoke against wars, territorial expansion, exploitation and injustice and still do. I would like to have asked Zinn if he really thought that an "official" version of history fools anyone, other than its writers, if such a history exists. Referenses Howard Zinn's "A People's History of the United States: 1492 - PRESENT." Revised edition, 1995. NY: HarperPerennial.

Stat 1350 HW Assignment 1 Unit 1 Lessons 1-2 Essays (1781 words)

Stat 1350 HW Assignment 1 Unit 1 Lessons 1-2 Essays (1781 words) Stat 1350 - Elementary Statistics Graded Homework Assignment 1 Unit 1 - Lessons 1 and 2 1. Athletes' salaries. Here is a small part of a data set that describes Major League Baseball players as of opening day of the 2011 season: (a) What individuals does this data set describe? (b) In addition to the player's name, how many variables does the data set contain? Which of these variables take numerical values? Which of the variables are not numerical variables? (c) What do you think are the units in which each of the numerical variable salary is expressed? For example, what does itmean to give Josh Beckett's annual salary as 17,000? ( Hint: The average annual salary of a Major League Baseball player on opening day, 2011, was $3,305,393.) 2. Sampling moms. Pregnant and breast-feeding women should eat at least 12 ounces of fish and seafood per week to ensure their babies' optimal brain development, according to a coalition of top scientists from private groups and federal agencies. A nutritionist wants to know whether pregnant women are eating at least 12 ounces of fish per week. To do so, she obtains a list of the 340 members of a local chain of prenat al fitness clubs and mails a ques tionnaire to 60 of these women selected at random . Only 21 questionnaires are returned. (a) What is the variable measured in this study? (b) What is the population in this study? (c) What is the sample from which information is actually obtained? (d) What percentage of the women whom the nutritionist tried to contact responded? (e) Is this an observational study or an experiment? 3. Oatmeal and cholesterol. Does eating oatmeal reduce the level of bad cholesterol (LDL)? Here are two ways to study this question. 1. A researcher finds 500 adults over 40 who regularly eat oatmeal or products made from oatmeal. She matches each with a similar adult who does not regularly eat oatmeal or products made from oatmeal. She measures the bad cholesterol (LDL) for each adult and compares both groups. 2. Another researcher finds 1000 adults over 40 who do not regularly eat oatmeal or products made from oatmeal and are willing to participate in a study. She randomly assigns 500 of these to a diet that includes a daily breakfast of oatmeal. The other 500 continue their usual habits. After 6 months, she compares changes in LDL levels. (a) One of these studies is an observational study and the other is an experiment. Identify with study it the experiment and which study is the observational study and explain why for each. (b) Why does the experiment give more useful information about whether oatmeal reduces LDL? 4. Choose your study type. What is the best way to answer each of the questions below: an experiment, a sample survey, or an observational study that is not a sample survey? Explain your choices. (a) Is your school's basketball team called for fewer fouls in home games than in away games? (b) Are college students satisfied with the quality of recreational facilities available to them? (c) Do college students who have access to audio recordings of course lectures perform better in the course than those who don't? 5. Choose your study purpose. Give an example of a question about college students, their behavior, or their opinions that would best be answered by (a) a sample survey. (b) an observational study that is not a sample survey. (c) an experiment. 6. Definitions. What is the difference between a census and a sample survey? 7. Instant opinion. On March 29, 2007, BusinessWeek ran an online poll on their Web site and asked readers the question "Do you think Google is too powerful?" Readers clicked on one of three buttons ("Yes," "No," or "Not sure") to vote. In all, 1336 (35.9%) said "Yes," 2051 (55.1%) said "No," and 335 (9.0%) said "Not sure." (a) What is the sample size for this poll? (b) At the Web site, BusinessWeek includes the following statement about its online poll. "Note: These are surveys, not scientific polls." Explain why the poll may give unreliable information. (c) Just above the poll question was the following statement: "Google's accelerating lead in search and its moves into software and traditional advertising are sparking a

Read the dis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Read the dis - Essay Example Usually Starbucks like firms have both long term and short term strategies to sustain its business in the market. It is difficult for a firm to rely entirely either on short term or long term policies to compete effectively in the market. Judicious implementation of short term and long term policies will help the firm to achieve its objectives and targets. Short term objectives should be specific, time bounded and accountable in order to become effective. Starbucks concentrated heavily on short term strategies to achieve success. Between 1987 through 1990 Starbucks entered new markets, and continued to grow. At the end of 1987, there were 17 Starbucks locations, and by 1990 there were 84. During this four year growth phase Starbucks entered the markets of Chicago, Vancouver, and Portland. In 1988 the company started a mail order catalog for it's fine dark roasted coffee beans and high quality coffee equipment (Kembell) Starbucks never tried to undertake a comprehensive expansion stra tegy. They focused on establishing few more outlets every year rather than establishing numerous outlets at different countries at the same time. This strategy helped them to give more attention to all the newly opened outlets till such outlets became profitable. The above short term strategy of establishing only few outlets every year helped Starbucks to achieve its long term objective of establishing outlets at different parts of the world and manage all of them with success. In other words, the short term strategies of Starbucks are linked to the long term objectives of the firm. They have given priorities to their short term strategy of establishing few outlets at a time and manage them well in order to achieve their long term strategy of establishing as many units in different countries and manage all of them well. Business strategies and functional tactics of a firm have direct relationships. In fact business strategies are usually implemented using different functional tactic s. For example, coffee lovers always like variety while taking a coffee. They don’t like the same taste every time when they take a coffee. Starbucks know this consumer psychology very well and they have introduced many flavors in their coffee products. Starbucks introduced ‘walnut flavor of Colombia Narino Supremo, the creamy sweet Caf Verona and the smooth, buttery Sulawesi† (Kembell) etc as a result of their realization of the above consumer psychology. Some of the other functional tactics employed by Starbucks are the selling of coffee-related products, Expresso machines, stainless steel coffee filters etc. Through the selling of coffee-related products such as brewing equipment and accessories, many consumers can enjoy high quality coffee at home rather than traveling out of their way. The equipment available includes Expresso machines, stainless steel coffee filters, and Starbucks cleaner and canisters. This is another example of how Starbucks is meeting the needs of current customers as well as increasing its attractiveness to potential customers (Kembell) The above functional tactics helped Starbucks to spread the popularity of Starbucks coffee from its outlets to home. Moreover, these strategies helped Starbucks to polish its face more and to popularize its products more in the market. The name Starbucks is currently fixed firmly in the hearts of the coffee lovers because

BUS 207 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUS 207 - Essay Example ision making process is hugely helpful in recognizing the need for making decision and selecting the best course of action for achieving desired goals (Jones & George, 2010). The decision process involves: recognize the need for decisions; generating alternatives; assess alternatives; choose among alternatives; implement chose alternative; and learn from feedback. I have found these steps of making decisions very useful both at my workplace and in my personal life. Recently at my workplace, management was having problems with its field staff. The people at the field could not provide satisfactory services to the customers because of lack of coordination with the warehouse and the office. Getting information about the availability of spare parts for servicing the products at the customers’ place was delaying the work. As a sales and marketing manager, I called a meeting to resolve the issue. Decisions had to be made for improving the services and marketing. We looked at different options of communication devices that would be cost effective and at the same time, highly efficient and which could provide constant and fast communication across different departments like inventory, administration, sales etc. From the various alternatives, we decided to provide the field workers with smart phones that could be connected to the warehouses to find out the availability of required accessory that might be needed at the service location. The smart phones were thought to be the best option as they would greatly facilitate online connectivity with the various departments including experts who could advise field staff when they come across difficult situation. Implementation of the decisions made was immediately started. It took two months to get the approval from the management committee and buy the necessary things like phone and getting internet installed etc. Once the initial training of field staff in using the smartphones was completed, we all awaited eagerly for the

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 89

Reflection - Essay Example Moreover, we chose a crew chief Eric who gives each one different task. The team leader writes down the requirements’ for me and responds to questions discussed while finding solutions. This is more efficient in this course because, for example, someone who do not know how to cut the handgrip from the racket, we can solve it together. I am not good at writing; the team leader helps us to fix the grammar. Consequently, I am unable to achieve the primary objective of Senior Design Projects, utilize knowledge as a senior student, and perform an important open-ended design project. The object of this project is to improve the treatment method for the patient that needs a lot of professional knowledge. For example, we need to design games for this project and still I have not learned how to compile a complete 2-D game. However, for the 3-D design, I can use Abaqus CAE, which I learned, from Miami University to develop the initial model for the handgrip. I also used the knowledge from physics class to cut the handgrip from the rocket (Marshall 1). The course achieved the Miami Plan requirements for a capstone experience. It provided a real business environment while doing the project. First, we need to understand context by defining and considering the boundary of the problem through conducting research and considering realistic constraints. The limitations include technical and economic factors, social implications, and environmental considerations. Secondly, thinking critically by solving open-ended problems, establishing objectives and criteria by brainstorming ideas and alternatives. Finally, we need to communicate designs and results effectively with Birkdale Pediatric and Neuro Clinic. For this project, I have limited professional knowledge such as neural therapy. Besides, I never contacted the neural therapy before I entered the Birkdale Pediatric and Neuro clinic. Real business industrial environment, designers improve the function

A1 Steak Sauce Case Study

A1 Steak Sauce Case Study Chef Brookes of England originally created A1 Steak Sauce in 1824. He was chef to King George IV of England with his partner Chef Henderson Brand. Legend has it the king was so delighted with the sauce that he declared it A1 and thus the name was born (Kerin Peterson, 2010). In 1830, Chef Brand stole the recipe from Chef Brookes and began commercial production under the Brand Co. label in 1831 (Wikipedia, 2011). Today, A1 Steak Sauce is owned and manufactured by Kraft Foods (Kerin Peterson). It is the leader in the steak sauce category with a 54 percent dollar share and 46 percent volume share (Kerin Peterson, 2010). It has high brand awareness and asserts, Nine out of ten steak houses serve A1 (Kerin Peterson, 2010). This case will provide a summary and analysis of A1 Steak Sauce with an emphasis on pricing strategies as well as an assessment of the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Problem Identification Summer holidays such as Memorial Day and Forth of July are essential for steak sauce brands because this is when a significant percentage of products are sold. Approximately 10 percent of A1 Steak Sauce volume is sold during each holiday week (Kein Peterson, 2010). During these holidays, advertising competition is intense because retailers support only one brand in a particular category during a promotional week (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Lawrys, a direct competitor to A1, is promoting a new steak sauce product beginning April 2003 (Kerin Peterson, 2010). They want to aggressively advertise the new product with Publix on Memorial Day (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Publix is the largest grocery store chain in the United States (Kerin Peterson, 2010). A1 usually advertises with Publix on Memorial Day because this results in a majority of product sale. If Lawrys is allowed to advertise with Publix, then A1 will not meet its 2003 fiscal profit target. Chuck Smith, senior brand manager for A1, scheduled a meeting with his business team to assess the situation and formulate a plan (Kerin Peterson, 2010). They will discuss marketing and pricing strategies in response to Lawrys new product introduction. A1 wants to retain position as market leader in the steak sauce category. Case Analysis Kraft Foods is the largest food company in the United States and the second largest food company in the world (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Kraft Foods has a portfolio of 67 major brands, each with over $100 million in annual sales (Kerin Peterson). Their portfolio includes categories such as coffee, frozen pizza, cheese, candy, cereal, mayonnaise, and barbecue sauce (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Kraft Foods direct competitors include Unilever, General Mills, PepsiCo, and Nestle (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Unilever is the largest consumer product company in the world, which owns and manufactures Lawrys (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Kraft Foods and Unilever aggressively compete in several food categories such as salad dressings, mayonnaise, and marinades (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Unilever has $50 billion in sales annually (Kerin Peterson, 2010). The company portfolio includes products such as Dove, Slim-Fast, Vaseline, Close-Up, Breyers, and Axe (Unilever, 2011). The companys financial goal is for 200 of their brands to have $1 billion in annual sales (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Although Unilevers revenue is $18,547 million more than Kraft Foods, their income after taxes is $957 million less than Kraft Foods (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Kraft Foods spends 15 percent of operating revenue on advertising (Kerin Peterson, 2010). A1 advertising focuses on television spots running throughout the year (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Customer promotions make up five percent of operating revenue (Kerin Peterson, 2010). In addition, A1 supports a partnership with beef producers (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Retail margins are 30 percent for all A1 flavors (Kerin Peterson, 2010). A1 has increased its price over the years and has a gross profit margin of 83 percent (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Ten percent of revenue goes towards in-store promotional efforts and trade promotions (Kerin Peterson, 2010). The retail price for A1 Steak Sauce is $4.99 for a 10-ounce bottle (Kerin Peterson, 2010). The A1 line includes a number of flavors, which are original, sweet tangy, bold spicy, thick hearty, and smoky mesquite (Kerin Peterson, 2010). The majority of sales are made of A1 original flavor (Kerin Peterson, 2010). The retail price for Lawrys Steak Sauce is $3.99 for an 11-ounce bottle (Kerin Peterson, 2010). However, Lawrys is not A1s biggest competitor. The retail price for A1s biggest competitor, Heinz 57, is $4.79 for a 10-ounce bottle but the product is different in taste and appearance (Appendix A). Heinz does not market directly against A1; instead, they advertise a multifaceted brand message (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Lawrys Steak Sauce will place enormous marketing weight to promote its new product (Kerin Peterson, 2010). The company will allocate $20 million on advertising during the summer months (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Although Lawrys shelf pricing is significantly lower than A1 and Heinz, loyalty in steak sauce brand is high with limited competition (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Identifying the Root Problem Components A1 Steak Sauce has several issues that will affect marketing and pricing strategies. The issues are brand awareness, pricing strategies, product promotions, financial allocation for advertising, and fiscal profit margins. First, A1 Steak Sauce is the best selling brand in the category. It is the original steak sauce in the industry, which is dominated by a few competitors. The company holds 54 percent of the steak sauce in dollars (Kerin Peterson, 2010). The remaining competitors make up 46 percent of steak sauce dollars divided between them. Introduction of Lawrys may reduce A1s percentage instead of the remaining competitors percentage. Second, Publix may let Lawrys advertise on Memorial Day. Lawrys will offer a two-for-$5 promotional price point (Kerin Peterson, 2010). If Lawrys enters into an alliance with Publix, then revenue of A1 Steak sauce will significantly decrease. A1 sells about 10 percent of volume on Memorial Day weekend (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Third, it is standard practice that manufacturers cover the cost of in-store price reductions in order for retailers to keep their margins constant on a percentage basis (Kerin Peterson, 2010). Price matching is an option but will significantly decrease profit margins. In addition, existing customers may hold out purchasing A1 until the price drops again. Evaluation of Alternatives A1 Steak Sauce has several alternatives to evaluate, which are categorized as offensive or defensive strategies. Offensive strategies include encirclement, flanking maneuver, or frontal assault. Defensive strategies include decreasing the incentive for attack or increasing structural barriers. In addition, the company can formulate a novel marketing concept in reply to Lawrys. First, encirclement may immerse Lawrys with product availability, strategic pricing, and variety of flavors. Second, a flanking maneuver will attack Lawrys weakest area and capitalize from the strategy. Third, a frontal assault will cause A1 to price match and copy the promotions of Lawrys. A risky maneuver is to decrease the incentive for attack. A1 Steak Sauce will considerably drop its prices, which will slash Lawrys prospects of future revenue. However, it will decrease A1s prospects of future revenue as well. Increasing structural barriers will retard Lawrys marketing and advertising strategies. A1 Steak Sauce can enter into formal agreements with distributers and suppliers or be involved in backward vertical integration. A1 will try to decrease costs by increasing scale economies. The company can introduce new products into the market, which will arrest entry by competitors. A1 Steak Sauce can negotiate ideal shelf placement and sustain a greater percentage of space in the steak sauce category. The company can procure end cap displays, specifically near the meat and beef aisles. In addition, the company can collaborate with major restaurant chains to place A1 on every table and include it in the ingredients list. Consumers who are indifferent to steak sauce brand may purchase based on price alone. Acquiring new consumers will be financially advantageous because of loyalty to their brand. A1 Steak Sauce can offer samples of steak sauce in supermarket kiosks. Capturing the palate of new consumers through samples can result in longitudinal sales. SWOT Analysis (S)trengths A1 Steak Sauces high quality and brand awareness distinguishes it from the competition, which is limited to Heinz 57, Lawrys, and various private label brands. The company enjoys the largest percentage of market share in the steak sauce industry. A1 holds the title of being the original steak sauce in the industry. Consumers highly associate A1 with barbeque foods such as steak. Nine out of ten steak houses serve A1 (Kerin Peterson, 2010). (W)eaknesses A1 Steak Sauce is strongly associated with steak and not other meats. This makes brand extension difficult. Past efforts in brand extension were unsuccessful. A1 is used during meals that include hamburger and steak, which is infrequent. Combined with a small serving size, a bottle of A1 will last a considerable amount of time. (O)pportunities A1 Steak Sauce can strategically market and advertise during television cooking programs. There are dozens of cooking shows in addition to a television network. Forming partnerships with television shows will be paramount in successful brand awareness. A1 is available worldwide. The company can market and advertise in other countries and languages. This will guarantee brand awareness at an international level. (T)hreats A1 Steak Sauces most immediate threat is the introduction of Lawrys. A1 does not want to be runner-up on Memorial Day advertising. Lawrys offers an 11-ounce bottle of steak sauce for $3.99 compared to A1s 10-ounce bottle for $4.99. If beef prices continue to rise, consumers will be price-conscious on related condiments. Recommendation A1 Steak Sauce has a competitive advantage due to large profit margins, brand awareness, and availability at retail stores and restaurants. The large profit margin allows A1 to adjust their pricing strategies during the summer holidays. However, price matching can be sabotaging because existing consumers may hold out to purchase until the prices drop. Effective pricing strategies are essential for attracting new consumers to the A1 Steak Sauce brand. The company should advertise to new consumers because these individuals are more likely to purchase other brands. Offering a bundled package with meats will keep profit margins high and add to the appeal of a premier product. A core competency is A1s ability to have a recognized and distinguished brand position. Existing consumers are not likely to switch brands on one of the biggest grilling days of the year. Existing consumers enjoy the flavor of A1 and, therefore, will be skeptical experimenting with other brands. New consumers may purchase a steak sauce brand based solely on the lowest price. Capturing the palate of new consumers will be possible by offering samples of A1 Steak Sauce prior to the summer holidays. A1 has strong sustained relationships with retail stores and restaurants. This gives A1 priority in advertising during the summer holidays. In addition, if Lawrys advertises on Memorial Day but does not have expected sales, then retail stores will lose revenue as well. A1 Steak Sauce is the leading brand in the industry. The company can price it higher than its competitors due to its high quality and brand awareness. Decreasing the price will reduce the perception of quality, which is paramount to the brand.

Against the Flow :: Teenagers Teens Media Trends Essays

Against the Flow The stereotypical American teenage girl follows the entertainment industry as if it were her livelihood. She listens to pop, rap, and R&B. She goes shopping almost every weekend for the next midriff-baring fashion. Television is scheduled into her day as if the VCR had never been invented. She is on top of the trends, ready with plastic in hand for anything the market will push her way. I am not your typical teenage girl. I like to see movies, but often put everything else ahead of going to a movie theatre and must catch up by watching several movies from the video store. When pop describes a genre of music rather than a carbonated beverage, I often find that I will know the words to an entire song without ever learning its title or artist. And there are certainly no skimpy clothes in my closet or drawers. I feel as though I am looking from the outside in on the teenage world. Despite my being in this age group, I have never really been caught up in the group that has the most disposable income in the United States. I constantly observe a cycle of desire and consumption with nothing standing between teenagers and the latest fad. But how did this cycle start? How will it ever end? More importantly, is it even healthy? The trends within the teenage market do not begin with the teens themselves. Rather, we are targeted as the group with disposable income, and a LOT of it. Most teenagers with summer jobs use the money to buy more "stuff": a car, an iPod, or a new outfit for the coming school year. This attitude towards money breeds irresponsibility. We are taught to spend, not to save. If we want something, we should buy it on impulse. Where are the parents in this cycle? They hand over the cash in the form of allowances, credit cards, and "love me" gifts. Among my friends, many kids who grew up in broken homes or double-income households receive money as gifts when the parents can't spend time with their kids. In essence, they were saying, "I don't have time for you, so here is some money; go buy something you want." Or so I have been told by teenagers in this situation. All this money being shoved at teenagers with no bills to pay leaves them with a wad of cash just begging to be spent.

Dubliners, Counterparts Essay

1. The main character of the story is Farrington, an alcoholic who works as a clerk, and is bullied and verbally abused by his boss, Mr. Alleyne. Miss Delacour plays the role of a wealthy client. Mr. Shelley is the head clerk at Farrington’s office. The characters Nosey Flynne, O’Halloran, Callan, Paddy Leonard are the men whom Farrington spends his evenings with, drinking at pubs. Weathers is one of the younger men who meet with him at the pubs, in this story he beat Farrington at arm wrestling. Tom is Farrington’s son who, at the end of the story, is beaten by his drunken father. 2. â€Å"He had done for himself in the office, pawned his watch, spend all of his money; and he had not even got drunk† (95). Farrington’s life is repetitious, working as a clerk and producing copies all day long is the type of repetition that adds to his misery. Alcohol plays a key part in his depression and is the highlight of his day, it is the reason for him to pawn his watch and spend his remains on alcohol. Similar to his repetitious life in the office, drinking with his friends is a part of his daily routine as well. Every evening Farrington and his friends take turns buying rounds for each other, spending and consuming, again and again. Weathers is a character that plays a significant role in Farrington’s realization about how his routines and traditions do not benefit him, but instead harm him. Each of his problems follows him wherever he goes. For an example, he brought his problems with his boss, Mr. Alleyne, from work to the pub with him, and while he continued to drink, those problems only began to snowball and irritate him more. He also brought his problems back into his home with him later that night, and took them out on his son by beating him. It is clear that Farrington is oblivious to his anger and does not know that the he makes bad choices. His work life is the same as his social life and his family life. There is not a part of his life can let him break away from from any other part because every aspect has the ability to make him very angry. By making bad choices such as pawning his watch, drinking excessively, and being rude to his boss, Farrington consistently continues to make life worse for himself. 3. Farrington is an office clerk who is treated poorly by his boss. Upon having to complete a task at work, it becomes apparent that Farrington is a lazy alcoholic as he sneaks out of the office to get a quick drink and never finishes his job. Mr. Alleyne gets angry at Farrington, yells at him, and ends up embarrassing him in front of a Miss Delacour, which makes Farrington feel even more miserable. Later on, Farrington pawns his watch in exchange for alcohol money, and goes out with his friends to the pub for the rest of the night. The more Farrington drinks, he becomes increasingly upset throughout the night, thinking about his lifestyle and drinking habits. In the end, when he got home to a cold dinner and found that the fire to warm it had gone out, he scolded his young son Tom, who pleaded for mercy. 4. The central conflict of the story is escape combined with the abuse of alcohol. Throughout the story Farrington was feeling trapped and wished to escape that lonely and miserable feeling. He was very angry and he had given up on himself by slacking at work, pawning his watch, and spending all of his money. Farrington’s realization these trapped feelings became apparent when the narrator said, â€Å"He had lost his reputation as a strong man, having been defeated twice by a mere boy† (95). The passage is explaining Farrington’s feelings after Weathers defeated him in arm wrestling, and we learn that he ends up taking that anger out on his son. In the story the abuse of alcohol represents a lack of self- control and feeling of self worth that lead to violence. It turns out that the easy escape Farrington had longed for would be impossible for the drunken man to achieve. Instead of escaping, he deceived himself by deceiving his family. 5. Routine and the repetition are two themes present in this story. The narrator said, â€Å"His body ached to do something, to rush out and revel in violence. All the indignities of his life enraged him† (89).This passage explains the everyday repetitious life of Farrington, and how he needed to escape that kind of a lifestyle. These routines and repetitions have trapped him in a vicious cycle of irritation and violence. Routines have an effect on people often involved in many difficult dilemmas, and the routines of his life trap him from being able to have new encounters and new beginnings. These consequences of never breaking away from the same routines can also lead to loneliness and unhappiness. In the story â€Å"Counterparts†, Farrington is able to show these results and brutality of a repetitive lifestyle.

Free Essays on St Valentines Day Masacre

The St Valentines Day Massacre What does one think of when they hear the phrase â€Å"The Roaring Twenties†, â€Å"The Jazz Age†, or even what our grandparents refer to as the â€Å"Golden Years†? It was the best of times. Women’s liberation was just beginning. The stock market was at its highest most glorious days. Alas, â€Å"The Roaring Twenties†. It was the foundation of the largest Cultural Revolution in America’s history. People were really questioning the meaning of life and finding out who they really were with the answers they received. On the contrary, many people only view this time period skin deep. It wasn’t the glorious, carefree days that past generations remember. They too had the problems of violence, scandals, drugs, sex, and alcohol. However, it was all underground. Let me take you back to a time where the girls were dancing, the music was blasting, and underground crime was at its peak. The date you ask? February 14, 1929. A date that would go down in American history as â€Å"The Valentines Day Massacre.† Prohibition was the eighteenth amendment, the Volstead Act, which was passed on October 10th, 1919 against alcohol. This Act outlined that it was illegal to import, export, transport, sell, manufacture, barter, and own any beverages which contained more than 0.5% alcohol excluding the alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. The law was passed mainly to reduce the crime and death rates in the United States. Prohibition did solve some of the problems in the United States for the first few years, but did not last for long. One of the worst effects of Prohibition was alcohol export being controlled by huge gangsters like Al Capone, who had his headquarters based in Chicago. More than 100,000 speak-easies were in New-York City alone. It almost seemed impossible to control the huge amounts of alcohol being transported throughout the United States. Al â€Å"Scar face† Capone was one... Free Essays on St Valentines Day Masacre Free Essays on St Valentines Day Masacre The St Valentines Day Massacre What does one think of when they hear the phrase â€Å"The Roaring Twenties†, â€Å"The Jazz Age†, or even what our grandparents refer to as the â€Å"Golden Years†? It was the best of times. Women’s liberation was just beginning. The stock market was at its highest most glorious days. Alas, â€Å"The Roaring Twenties†. It was the foundation of the largest Cultural Revolution in America’s history. People were really questioning the meaning of life and finding out who they really were with the answers they received. On the contrary, many people only view this time period skin deep. It wasn’t the glorious, carefree days that past generations remember. They too had the problems of violence, scandals, drugs, sex, and alcohol. However, it was all underground. Let me take you back to a time where the girls were dancing, the music was blasting, and underground crime was at its peak. The date you ask? February 14, 1929. A date that would go down in American history as â€Å"The Valentines Day Massacre.† Prohibition was the eighteenth amendment, the Volstead Act, which was passed on October 10th, 1919 against alcohol. This Act outlined that it was illegal to import, export, transport, sell, manufacture, barter, and own any beverages which contained more than 0.5% alcohol excluding the alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. The law was passed mainly to reduce the crime and death rates in the United States. Prohibition did solve some of the problems in the United States for the first few years, but did not last for long. One of the worst effects of Prohibition was alcohol export being controlled by huge gangsters like Al Capone, who had his headquarters based in Chicago. More than 100,000 speak-easies were in New-York City alone. It almost seemed impossible to control the huge amounts of alcohol being transported throughout the United States. Al â€Å"Scar face† Capone was one...

Word Choice Hole vs. Whole

Word Choice Hole vs. Whole Word Choice: Hole vs. Whole For reasons far too boring to go into here, English spelling involves a lot of silent letters. We see this in some words that start with â€Å"wh-,† including â€Å"whole.† However, English also includes the word â€Å"hole,† which is pronounced exactly the same despite the lack of a â€Å"w† at the start. â€Å"Whole† and â€Å"hole† are completely different in meaning, though, so you won’t want to mix them up in writing. Check out our guide on how to avoid errors when using these terms. Hole (A Gap or Hollow) The word â€Å"hole† is almost always a noun. It refers to an empty space in something. This can either be an opening that goes through something to the other side or just a hollow in something: My favorite part of a doughnut is the hole in the middle. I dug a big hole in the ground. In the first sentence above, â€Å"hole† refers to the opening that goes through the entire doughnut. In the second, it refers to a space dug into the surface of the ground. But both of these are â€Å"holes.† We assume this is a hole full of baked goods.(Photo: George Cummings) More rarely, â€Å"hole† is a verb meaning â€Å"make a hole in something.† However, this is usually restricted to ships and boats (e.g., The torpedo holed the ship). Whole (Complete or Unbroken) With a â€Å"w† at the beginning, â€Å"whole† is typically an adverb or an adjective. We use it to say that something is complete or unbroken. For example: I am going away for the whole week. The snake swallowed the rat whole. The first sentence here uses â€Å"whole† as an adjective to modify â€Å"week† (i.e., the entire week). In the second, â€Å"whole† is an adverb modifying â€Å"swallowed† (i.e., it tells us that the snake ate the rat in one piece). In both cases, though, it shows we’re discussing the entirety of something. â€Å"Whole† can also be a noun, where it again refers to something in its entirety: Taken as a whole, the work of John Hurt is impressive. Two halves make a whole. In all cases, then, â€Å"whole† refers to something being complete or undivided. Hole or Whole? â€Å"Hole† and â€Å"whole† sound the same and share many letters, so they can be easy to confuse. However, they are very different in practice, so keep the following in mind: â€Å"Hole† is usually a noun and refers to an empty space or gap in an object. â€Å"Whole† is usually an adjective or adverb and refers to being complete. Since these words are so similar written down, and since spellcheckers won’t flag either term as â€Å"incorrect,† you also need to look out for accidental typos. But proofreading can help with that!

Australian Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian Law - Essay Example There also has to be the item being offered and the consideration for the same. It is also worth noting that putting an advertisement on the paper is classified as an invitation to treat (Evan, 2006). This is where the seller is welcoming any prospective buyer to come and make an offer the commodity being sold. However, once the buyer has made the offer and the seller has agreed to take the stated consideration, the contract becomes binding and prevents the seller from rescinding such a contract on any other basis. For the agreement to become binding, the offer must be communicated and the acceptance communicated too, indicating an intention to enter into a contract. If in the communication of the acceptance the offeree changes any term of the original offer, then the contract is breached and not binding any more. If the acceptance happens to be given after the set time for the contract has expired, then the contract can be rescinded (Parkinson, 2001). The most important aspect regar ding the offer and acceptance is that from the judgment of a reasonable ground, the whole deal settles as a bargain that is concluded. Notable also is the fact that both the parties entering into such a contract must have the capacity to engage. Under this provision, a drunk or a minor cannot enter into any binding agreement. In our case, Anton offers to sell a photograph to John. John agrees to buy the photo and then pay for it $10,000. Here, there is an involvement of two parties, the seller, and the buyer. The law requires that the intention by the two parties entering into such a contractual agreement should be to create a contract. In this case, there was a clear intention to form a contract, in the sense that John agreed to purchase the photograph only if it was authentic. The response by Anton was positive. This far, the intended transaction had qualified to be a contract. However, there was an abrupt change of plans when Anton was informed that the same photo would fetch mor e money, to a tune of $ 30,000. By deciding to give out the photograph to be sold at a higher price in auction, well knowing that he had agreed to sell the same to John, Anton breached the agreement. Under the Australian law, there are two provisions that guide the cause of action, once one party to the agreement breaches a contractual agreement. The legislation guiding fair-trading in all the Australian states as well as the law of consumer provides that a party to the contractual agreement who decides to breach the agreement can be sued for damages (Baker, 1995). The fact that Anton breached the agreement gives John a legal right to claim the watch and if not provide to him, then to sue Anton over the same. Thus, in our case, John can take legal action and sue Anton for the breach of contract. However, there are some considerations that need to be done in this case, just before a determination is given as to who bares the responsibility. The fundamental principle of capacity comes into play in this case (Hoggers, 2008). We are not told the age of both the seller and the buyer. If it happens that Anton was below the legal age of responsibility, then John have no legal right to sue Anton for the breach of that contract. The state of the two parties entering the contract is not given also. Considering the fact that any contract entered into by parties who are drunk or not sober is not binding,

Mitigation of Earthquakes in Mega Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Mitigation of Earthquakes in Mega Cities - Essay Example Although earthquake is a natural phenomenon that cannot be averted, we can take some precautions in order to mitigate the destructive potential of its aftermath. The invention of Richter scale has enabled us for computing the magnitude of earthquakes. Today, it is possible to identify frequently earthquake occurring places and the intensity of every earthquake. Modern facilities such as earthquake alarming systems are some of the advancements in this area. However, lack of improved infrastructural deterrence techniques often affects the effectiveness of disaster prevention in mage cities. According to census reports published by Government of Maharashtra (2000) in 1991, 60% of the registered buildings in Mumbai were made up of non-engineered materials such as informal masonry. It is important to note that Mumbai is categorized under seismic zone 3, which indicates the high vulnerability to the occurrence of devastating earthquakes. The earthquake history of Mumbai reflects that large number of earthquakes occurred across different parts of the city during the last century and even in the last two years. Severe losses had not been reported until 1967 when one attacked Koyna region of Mumbai with a magnitude of 6.3. Large number of buildings was destroyed at this calamity. Damages of such sorts can be avoided to a large extent only if the city employs geotechnical guidelines for the disaster prevention. The Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative (EMI) reports that â€Å"poor governance structures, lack of awareness, and poor professional standards and ethics† are some of the major impediments for disaster prevention in mega cities (cited in Wenzel, 2006).